The Pretty Horses Essay Example For Students

The Pretty Horses Essay John Grady Cole, the toward the end in a long queue of west Texas farmers, is, at sixteen, balanced on the pitiful, difficult edge of masculinity. At the point when he understands the main life he has known is vanishing into the past and that cowpokes are as bound as the Comanche who preceded them, he leaves on a perilous and nerve racking excursion into the lovely and totally outside world that is Mexico. In the appearance of a great Western, All the Pretty Horses is at its heart an expressive and elegiac story about growing up about affection, fellowship, and dedication that will leave John Grady, and the peruser, changed until the end of time. At the point when his mom chooses to sell the steers farm he has grown up working, John Grady Cole and his companion Lacey Rawlins set out riding a horse for Mexico, a land liberated from the wall and parkways that have started to attack west Texas, a land where the young men can't peruse the look in a keeps an eye on eye. As they approach the Rio Grande, they are joined by the energetic and baffling Jimmy Blevins, whose fine pony, hot-blooded temper, and ability with a gun are as sure a sign of difficulty as the forsaken and restricting scene loosening up before them. We will compose a custom article on The Pretty Horses explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In a rough and stunning rainstorm, Blevins loses all his common belongings; and the rash endeavor to recuperate them before long brands the young men as pony cheats. On the run, they split up, with John Grady and Rawlins discovering shelter on a hacienda where barely any inquiries are posed and an ability for breaking ponies is as yet a wellspring of respect, and where they fall into an everyday practice as recognizable to them as the state of their seats. Around evening time, John Grady rides the supporters valued sire through the mountains past the hacienda in the organization of Alejandra, the benefactors excellent little girl. In any case, in a land as limited by respect and notoriety as this seems to be, the white-hot love between John Grady and this young lady is as risky as anything they will confront. At the point when fighters show up to take John Grady and Rawlins away, the young men realize it has nothing to do with Jimmy Blevins, yet is rather a direct result of some more profound, progressively subtle offense that John Grady has submitted for the sake of adoration. With nobody to argue their case, their destiny is desperate surely. John Grady and Rawlins wind up in a Mexican jail represented by obvious viciousness. In any case, in the possession of Cormac McCarthy this spot takes on an illusory quality; it isn't right or off-base, great or underhandedness, yet simply as inescapable a piece of life as the sun setting in the West, something that must be looked with the end goal for one to endure. All the Pretty Horses is the principal volume in the Border Trilogy the subsequent volume is entitled The Crossing; and the third, The Cities of the Plain, and this name suggests that the content is as much about the dry and desolateâ â and crimson skies of the incomparable Southwest for what it's worth about the individuals who occupy the district. Together the land and sky structure a melodious woven artwork that hues and adjusts the story in unpretentious and startling manners. John Gradys venture leaves him more astute yet disheartened, yet out of this catastrophe comes the versatility of a man who has asserted his place on the planet. There is no record of John Grady going through traditions on his arrival to the United States, yet we understand he has a lot to announce. Composed with the lyricism that has made McCarthy one of the incomparable American writing beauticians, All the Pretty Horses is on the double a mixed and significantly moving story of affection, misfortune, and reclamation and a shocking representation of Mexico. of destiny and the heaviness of masculinity.

Some People Believe That Group Sport as Football or Hockey Too Competitive and Encourage the Worst Side of Human Behavior free essay sample

Question: . A few people accept that team activity as football or hockey excessively serious and support the most exceedingly awful side of human conduct They ought to be supplanted by non-serious exercise-based exercises like running swimming that additionally keep us fit. What do you think? Playing sports is valuable for our wellbeing, particularly for individuals who have heaps of work to do, which occupies a lot of donning time these days. There are two kinds of sports: serious games and non-serious games. In some sense at least two individuals who practice together can be known as an opposition (Competitive games 2009, p. on the web). Individuals who like games have their own purposes behind picking various sorts of sports. In general, serious games are collaboration. Joining the game is simply the most ideal approach to appear and a â€Å"must win† demeanor is basic (Competitive games 2007, p. on the web). Simultaneously, we should concentrate how to coexist well with one another, and not simply flaunt; that will serve to separate us. We will compose a custom article test on A few People Believe That Group Sport as Football or Hockey Too Competitive and Encourage the Worst Side of Human Behavior or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It’s the why and wherefore we should have rivalry rules. Be that as it may, rivalry exists. It’s furious on washouts. They may misfortune the game, yet in addition lose their confidence. Along these lines, before we join serious games, we should ensure we can concede rout. At the point when we play sports, for example, football, badminton and so on, we likewise need to take care of our bodies in light of the fact that serious games make individuals attempt their best to dominate the match; we have to shield our bodies from hurt (Competitive games 2009, p. on the web). On that there’s a wide assortment of non-rivalry sports like road boarding. Perhaps rivalry sports can be tedious contrasted and non-serious games, which ofter greater character and show. There is no time limit. We can have a good time. Non-serious games mean we simply challenge ourselves. A large portion of the non-serious games are conditions our body through the numerous activities; we can accept that it is a decent method to improve our bodies. It benefits our wellbeing both genuinely and mentally. In spite of the fact that training we become increasingly sure and more grounded. At the point when we appreciate non-serious games, security is significant. Loads of games are hazardous for us. Taking part in a bigger number of sports than your body can accept, may hurt it. After you know the principles you should locate a specialist individual to encourage you on the off chance that you are playing road loading up just because. Which one is better for us to play? The appropriate response relies upon our interests, physical wellness and time. At the end of the day, on the off chance that we don’t like to eat onions however we eat them possibly we will feel horrible. In any case, from my perspective, everybody likes sports. There are no special cases since sports are energizing. For the most part, rivalry sport perhaps suits most people who like difficulties passage can pick non-serious games. Both these two games give us the inspiration to dominate the match. References Competitive games (2009), Time for change [Online]. Accessible at: http://www. china. organization. cn/english/highlights/Brief/193368. htm. [Accessed 12 October, 2009] Competitive games (2009), Time for change [Online]. Accessible at: Http://www. dailyecho. co. uk/news/1066958. school_sports_days_put_children_off_sp ort_mp/[Accessed 12 October, 2009]

Depression With Mixed Features Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Depression With Mixed Features Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Depression Types Print An Overview of Depressive Disorder With Mixed Features By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids martin-dm / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Coping View All Depressive disorder with mixed features (also referred to as mixed episode, mixed state, or agitated depression?? ) is a mood disorder in which a person has symptoms of both depression and mania or hypomania at the same time.??   When it was first introduced, the diagnosis of major depressive disorder with mixed features (MDD-MX) was met with skepticism?? and remains controversial?? among some researchers and clinicians.   However, in 2013, MDD-MX was included in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and has begun to gain acceptance. Symptoms Researchers have come to believe that mood disorders exist on a continuum from depression to mania;?? pure depression is thought to be much less common and some researchers consider it rare.?? In general, a person who has one of these conditions experiences symptoms across the spectrum but tends to lean more toward one end than the other.  ?? As they are trying to make a diagnosis, your doctor will ask you about where your symptoms typically fall on the spectrum. This will help them distinguish between depression and bipolar disorder. People who have depression with mixed features usually experience mostly depressive symptoms, but may have certain manic symptoms (such as racing thoughts) as well.?? To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, you must have experienced certain symptoms every day for at least the past two weeks or longer.   Classic features of depression include low mood and decreased interest or pleasure in activities you typically enjoy. However, to be diagnosed with depression, you must also have at least four of the following symptoms:?? Fatigue, loss of energy and motivationFeeling worthless, ashamed, or guiltyInability to fall asleep or sleeping too muchTroubling thinking, focusing, and concentratingLosing or gaining weight, eating more or less than usualPsychomotor agitation (pacing, restlessness) or retardation (sluggish thought or movement)Recurrent thoughts of death/dying, suicidal ideation or attempts If your doctor feels you meet the criteria for a diagnosis of depression, the next step will be to determine whether you are also experiencing symptoms of hypomania or mania, such as:?? Elevated moodInflated self-esteemDecreased need for sleepRacing thoughts or flight of ideasBeing talkative or chatty, pressured speechIncreased energy or goal-directed activityParticipation in activities that may feel good at the moment but can have potentially serious consequences (i.e., excessive alcohol use, risky sexual behaviors, impulsive spending, etc.) If you have experienced at least three symptoms of hypomania or mania almost every day for the past two weeks of your current depressive episode, your doctor will add the specifier with mixed features to your depression diagnosis.??   Understanding Mania and Hypomania Causes The specific causes of depression with mixed features are unclear and not well understood.?? As with other types of depression, researchers suspect there are a number of different factors that contribute to the development of the MDD-MX, including an individual’s family history, genetics, environment, and other health conditions.   While MDD-MX can be difficult to diagnose, research has suggested it’s fairly common:?? As many as 25% of people with unipolar depression may have mixed episodes. Since the condition can easily be misdiagnosed as bipolar disorder, the number of people who have depression with mixed features may, in fact, be much higher.??   In the past, differentiating between depression with mixed episodes and bipolar disorder was much more challenging for clinicians.?? Recent updates to diagnostic guidelines that consider the subtleties of each condition have been helpful.?? Continued research into the factors that contribute to depression, such as environmental exposure and genetics, are also giving researchers a better understanding. Why Some People Are More Prone to Depression Diagnosis It can be very challenging to diagnose depression with mixed features. For a long time, mental health professionals were taught that the presence of manic symptoms meant a person had bipolar, rather than unipolar, depression.   While mania or hypomania is still part of the fundamental diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder, it is now also understood that people with depression may also experience these symptomsâ€"albeit to a lesser degree.??   The classic signs and symptoms of major depression may be relatively easy to spot, but subtle episodes of mania or hypomania may go undetectedâ€"both by the person with the condition and the doctors treating them.?? How to Tell If Youve Had a Manic Episode A person with symptoms of hypomania or mania and depression may initially be misdiagnosed with bipolar disorder. While the conditions may look (and at times feel) the same, there are some important distinctionsâ€"especially when it comes to treatment. A correct diagnosis is necessary to ensure someone with either condition is able to access the most effective type of treatment.   Obvious similarities between mixed episodes of depression and bipolar disorder, such as shared symptoms, might be clear to doctors and researchers but these conditions may also share risk factors (like a family history of mental illness).   Doctors must carefully consider all the information as they are formulating a diagnosis, as only looking at symptoms can be misleading.?? The consequences of being diagnosed with the wrong mood disorder can have a major impact on someone’s life.??   According to the DSM-5, the with mixed features specifier can be added to a diagnosis of major depressive disorder to indicate that a person has symptoms of both depression and mania but doesn’t quite meet the diagnostic criteria for a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Research has indicated that compared to those with depression, people who experience mixed episodes are more likely to misuse substances?? and are at an increased risk for suicide?? â€"yet another reason why getting a correct diagnosis is important.   Treatment After being diagnosed with depressive disorder with mixed features, your doctor or psychiatrist will discuss treatment options with you. The first option may be therapy, medication, or both. Though there are similarities between depression with mixed features and bipolar disorder, the two conditions can differ quite a bit in how they respond to treatmentâ€"especially medications.?? It’s important to know that this form of depression may not respond wellâ€"or at allâ€"to treatment with antidepressant medications alone.?? It’s also important to know that a diagnosis of depressive disorder with mixed features in and of itself is a significant risk factor for eventually developing bipolar disorder.?? When you and your doctor are creating a treatment plan, you will need to consider this risk.   To help with manic symptoms, your doctor may also prescribe an atypical antipsychotic such as:   Saphris (asenapine)Latuda (lurasidone)Zyprexa (olanzapine)Seroquel (quetiapine)Geodon (ziprasidone) You may also be given a mood stabilizer like lithium or Depakote (divalproex) instead of, or in addition to, an antidepressant. Small studies in people with depression and mixed episodes have demonstrated that these medications may be helpful when given in doses lower than would be used for bipolar disorder.??   Some people who have depression with mixed features have trouble sleeping or feel especially agitated during periods of mania/hypomania. Your doctor may prescribe  sedatives to help with these symptoms, such as: Valium (diazepam)Xanax (alprazolam)Ativan (lorazepam)Klonopin (clonazepam) Even if you are taking more than one medication, it may not be enough to effectively help manage symptoms of depression with mixed features.?? You may need to implement other types of treatment as well, such as psychotherapy or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Coping For people who have MDD-MX, both the process of getting diagnosed and the demands of managing symptoms can become frustrating and overwhelming. If you have recently been diagnosed or are working with a doctor or mental health professional because you suspect you may have depressive disorder with mixed features, it’s important that you have the support you need.??   Begin to build your network of support with those around you at home, such as family members and friends, then reach out to your community (such as a church group or volunteer organization).   You may want to find specific support groups (in-person, online, or both) for people with depression, bipolar disorder, and other mood disorders.   If you’re not sure where to start, ask your doctor, psychiatrist, or therapist if they can point you toward local resources. You can also use the internet to search for social networks, forums, and patient advocacy networks. The Best Online Resources for Depression A Word From Verywell If you have depression with mixed features, you may share some experiences with someone who has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. However, the conditions have some key differences that both you and your mental health care team need to be aware ofâ€"especially when deciding on treatment.  ?? The process can be frustrating, particularly if you are initially misdiagnosed with another mood disorder and not given a treatment that works well for you. That’s why it’s important to do your best to create and maintain a network of support around you.   Can Depression Turn Into Bipolar Disorder?

Privacy Concerns Over The Google Glass - 1888 Words

The Google Glass is one of the most popular new examples of wearable technology [19]. The Google Glass is a pair of glasses, prescription or non-prescription, that has a camera, touchpad and a display that can do multiple technological tasks: search, navigation, Gmail, Calendar, Now cards, phone calls, text messages, photos, videos, and video calls [17]. Glass has yet to be released to the public, but has been available for developers since February 2013 [9]. Although the Google Glass is still a relatively new piece of technology [17], it certainly hasn’t been lacking debates on the legality and privacy concerns of the device. One of the most talked about points with Google Glass is privacy, which relates heavily to security, both on a†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœStop The Cyborgs’ believes is not just the fact that a Google Glass wearer can be recording without your consent, it is â€Å"that wearable devices socially normalize ubiquitous surveillance† [10]. The Electronic Privacy Information Center has also expressed its concerns, stating, â€Å"While individuals may not have an expectation of privacy in public, they do have an expectation of anonymity. A person expects to be able to walk down the street and blend into the crowd. There are many public settings in which a person does not expect to be recorded, even if they could be casually observed. Some of these settings could be sensitive, embarrassing, or incriminating†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [3]. The Google Glass, like a smart phone, has the capability of taking pictures or videos of anything around you in real time [17]. Unlike most smart phones, the Google Glass allows two different methods for this functionality to be completely hands-free [17]. The first method is to wake up glass by saying, â€Å"OK Glass, take a picture† [1]. The second method is to enable the â€Å"Wink† feature [15]. By winking your right eye with this feature, Google glass will take a picture for you [15]. Essentially this means that instead of pulling out your smart phone, opening the camera and aiming the phone at what you want to photograph, those with Google Glass may simply wink their right eye at the object they wish to photograph [15]. Here in Columbus thereShow MoreRelatedEssay about Privacy and Ethical issues with Google Glass1732 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Google Glass is wearable computer, looks like a pair of glass which has high resuloution optical head-mounted display (OHMD). As its name suggests it has been developer by Google in one of their research and development project called â€Å"Project Glass† [1]. The product has been designed to be a ubiquitous computer displays information, communicate via Internet and interact with the user by natural language voice commands that starts with â€Å"ok glass†. Google glass use Android operatingRead MoreThe Failure Of The Google Glass Explorer Program1038 Words   |  5 PagesGoogle Glass is without a doubt a very strong and innovative product with a high potential for growth. However, following the initial launch, negative perceptions of these augmented reality glasses gave view to a few major issues holding them back from success. Many of these problems occurred primarily due to lack of security and privacy. Concerns during the initial release were caused by the fact tha t the wearer can film or take pictures with out the subject(s) knowing or giving consent. As a resultRead MoreA Harbinger Of Danger And Discontent1307 Words   |  6 Pagesor communicate with others† (Hachman). Each day people live with a false security that they are protected and maintain a sense of privacy. Citizens misplace their trust in social media and technology, and divulge their personal information in ignorance of the repercussions that may arise. Users say the advances in technology and social media will not affect their privacy; however, it is proven that these advances can be a harbinger of both danger and discontent. Our nation is built upon its foundationRead MoreTechnology And Social Medias Effect On The Peoples Privacy1286 Words   |  6 Pagescommunicate with others† (Hachman). Each day people live with a false security that they are protected and maintain a sense of privacy. Citizens misplace their trust in social media and technology, and divulge their personal information in ignorance of the repercussions that may arise. Users say the advances in technology and social media won’t affect the people’s privacy; however, it is proven that these advances can be a harbinger of both danger and discontent. Our nation is built upon its foundationRead MoreGoogle Glass, A Wearable Computing Device1631 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This report aims to look at how Google Glass, a wearable computing device, contributes to social and privacy ethical implications. Ethical issues recognised in devices can question the legal rights of a product. However, a study shows that this device may have an opportunity to enhance the quality of the surgical industry. If so, should this device still be used amidst the ethical issues? 1 Introduction 1.1 Wearable Technology Wearable computing is a technology device thatRead MoreGoogle Glass And The Global Social Context1873 Words   |  8 Pagesethical issues surrounding Google Glass in the global social context. The first of those is potential security issues that the glasses pose. Critics of Google Glass have asked and raised concerns to Google about the potential for Google to take user data without permission, Google s vague privacy policy, and how the device will protect the sensitive user information from loss and theft. The second major societal issue with Google Glass is privacy and cultural concerns. Google Glass could be a subtle, stealthyRead MoreGoogle Glass : A Technology Of Fear Or Embrace1979 Words   |  8 PagesGoogle Glass: A Technology to Fear or Embrace Kang Zheng 1 Introduction Google Glass is a wearable computer with a head-mounted display developed by Google. It includes a translucent prism as the display, a camera and a touchpad on the right. There is also a microphone for voice input. Fig. 1 is a Google Glass prototype. Wearers can hear audio output via bone conduction transducer or earbuds. The glass can be controlled by voice commands, gestures on the touchpad and MyGlass app on smartphones throughRead MoreGoogles Research And Development1332 Words   |  6 PagesGoogle Technology In this essay, I will analyze five Google technologies that are currently under research and development, Google’s research and development efforts are ahead of anyone in the world. Providing a better way of life for everyone. With-in the following paragraphs I will be providing an overview of the Self-Driving Automobile, Google’s Project Wing, Google Glass, Google Fiber, and Renewable Energy with their Sustainability Solutions initiatives. Also, with given a brief descriptionRead MoreGoogle Street View, Freedom From Unauthorized Intrusion ( Merriam Webster, 2014 )949 Words   |  4 Pages Google Street View, and You Privacy: â€Å"freedom from unauthorized intrusion (Merriam-Webster, 2014)†. The Internet, composed of billions of interconnected nodes, allows an individual or group of individuals access to any information they desire with only a few keystrokes. Since the Internet is such an immense and powerful system, it allows those who are motivated and capable to collect, manipulate, and display any information in any form they see fit. Google in particular is a large corporationRead MoreBenefits And Disadvantages Of Ubiquitous Computing Application1525 Words   |  7 Pageshas enlarged the potential of such devices to be employed within distinct scenarios and activities (Pentland 2010). For example, Google glass is one such wearable ubiquitous application wherein computers are immersed into real environment and operations are unattended. Data is collected by wearable devices in a ubiquitous manner and consistently on any user and also over their external environment. Through such advanced computing usage there are several benefits and disadvantages that can be delive red

Womens Freedom during Chinas Revolutionary Period Essay

Womens Freedom during Chinas Revolutionary Period During the revolutionary period in China from 1921 to 1934, although there were undercurrents of an actual feminist movement, according to Kay Ann Johnson in Women, the Family Peasant Revolution in China, women’s progress resulted more as a necessity of the war than the leadership’s commitment to emancipate women. Furthermore, when tension arose between men and women, the leadership usually appeased men over women. By not discussing the mentality of the political parties and the dynamics of the war, Hughes and Hughes’ critique lacks an explanation of the underlying motives that drove these parties to sometimes support women and other times reject women’s interests.†¦show more content†¦Hughes and Hughes refer to the Guomindang (KMT), another revolutionary party, that issued demands â€Å"for equality between the sexes, permission for women to inherit property, [and] free marriage and divorce† (HH 236). However, Hughes and Hughes do not fully explain the tensions and underlying reasons for the CCP’s support of women. Johnson, on the other hand, argues that from the onset, the â€Å"Party distrusted the feminist groups themselves as elitist, bourgeois reformers† (Johnson 40). Therefore, any progress made by the Party in favor of women was not true emancipation but emancipation disguised under ulterior motives. Instead, the Party deemed women’s reforms advantageous to their political strategy and position in the war. For example, after 1928, the Communists’ policies were aimed at increasing women’s activities that supported the war effort and the economy. It became important for the Party to win women’s support because women were able to affect men’s decisions. Sometimes women would attempt to dissuade their husbands or sons from joining the army. Therefore, by gaining women’s support, men’s participation in the ar my would increase. 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The ideological and social system of capitalism has also become a museum piece in one part of the world (in the Soviet Union), while in other countriesRead MoreThe Great Leap Forward By Joseph Stalin1991 Words   |  8 Pages After breaking away from a temporary alliance with the KMT during the war with Japan (1937-1945), civil war broke out between the Communist Party and the KMT; resulting in the Communist Parties victory. This lead to the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). 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Compensated Demand Curve Free Essays

string(50) " where there is now a horizontal intercept of 50\." The Compensated Demand Curve Definition: the compensated demand curve is a demand curve that ignores the income effect of a price change, only taking into account the substitution effect. To do this, utility is held constant from the change in the price of the good. In this section, we will graphically derive the compensated demand curve from indifference curves and budget constraints by incorporating the substitution and income effects, and use the compensated demand curve to find the compensating variation. We will write a custom essay sample on Compensated Demand Curve or any similar topic only for you Order Now Let us consider a price increase for a normal good, a good whose demand increases as income increases. In Figure 7. e. 1, assume that the price of Y (PY) is $1, and that the individual has an income of $100. The initial price of X (PX) is $1, so the individual’s initial budget constraint is therefore BC1, with a vertical intercept of 100, and a horizontal intercept of 100. The individual reaches his optimum (maximizes utility) at point A, where his initial budget constraint BC1 is tangent to the indifference curve IC1. Let’s say that at this point, he maximizes his utility by consuming 43 units of good X. If PX increases from $1 to $2, his budget constraint will rotate inward until it reaches BC2 where there is now a horizontal intercept of 50. You read "Compensated Demand Curve" in category "Papers" The individual now reaches his new optimum where the indifference curve IC2 is tangent to BC2 at the point B, where he maximizes his utility by consuming 18 units of good X. We can use these points to plot a demand curve for good X: According to Figure 7. e. 1, when PX is $1, the individual maximizes utility at point A where he consumes 43 units of X. This information can be replotted on a curve showing the relationship between the price of X and the quantity of X consumed (figure 7. e. 2). At a price of $1, the individual will consume 43 units of X, so the point A will replot on figure 7. e. 2 as the point A’. Similarly at point B, at a price of $2, the individual will consume 18 units of X, so the point B will replot on figure 7. e. 2 as the point B’. If we connect A’ and B’ together, we will get the ordinary demand curve for good X In order to obtain the compensated demand curve, we must first observe 2 effects that take place as PX increases: Substitution Effect: when Px increases from $1 to $2, X becomes relatively more expensive than Y, so the individual consumes less X. To show the substitution effect, we must hold the individual’s utility constant. To do this, we draw a budget constraint BC3 that is parallel to BC2 and shift it up until it is just tangent to a point on his original indifference curve (IC1). This occurs at point C, where the consumer is consuming 29 units of X. The substitution effect is the movement from point A to C Income Effect: because Px has increased, the individual’s purchasing power has decreased, and thus has less money to spend on both X and Y. Because X is a normal good, the individual will consume more as his income increases. The individual will reach an optimum at point B where he will consume 18 units of X. The income effect is the movement from point C to B To summarize, Total effect = Substitution Effect + Income Effect = A to C +C to B We have already found the ordinary demand curve by replotting points A and B as points A’ and B’. In essence, this is the total effect of the increase in PX. Because the compensated demand curve assumes that utility is held constant, it only shows the substitution effect. Therefore, we simply have to replot points A and C. We have already determined that point A replots as A’ at a price of $1 and a quantity of 43. At point C, the individual consumes 29 units at a price of $2; so we can replot this point as point C’ on figure 7. e. 2. If we connect these 2 points together, we get the compensated demand curve. We can prove that good X is a normal good. One way to do it is to look at Figure 7. e. and notice that between points B and C, as income increases, the consumption of good X increases, which fits the definition of a normal good. Another way is to look at the compensated demand curve and compare it with the ordinary demand curve. The compensated demand curve in figure 7. e. 2 is steeper than the ordinary demand curve. When this condition holds, good X is a normal good. We can also use the compensated demand curve to find the compensating variation. The compensating variation is the amount of money required to restore an individual to his original utility level when prices change. In figure 7. e. 2, it is represented by the area between the two prices, and left of the compensated demand curve – it is the sum of areas S and T. Meanwhile the change in consumer surplus is simply the area between the two prices and left of the ordinary demand curve – it is the area S ——————————————————————————————————————————————– †¢ Next, consider a price decrease for an inferior good, a good whose demand decreases as income increases. In Figure 7. e. 3, assume that the price of Y (PY) is $1, and that the individual has an income of $100. The initial price of X (PX) is $2, so the individual’s initial budget constraint is therefore BC1, with a vertical intercept of 100, and a horizontal intercept of 50. The individual reaches his optimum (maximizes utility) at point A, where his initial budget constraint BC1 is tangent to the indifference curve IC1. Let’s say that at this point, he maximizes his utility by consuming 17 units of good X. If PX decreases from $2 to $1, his budget constraint will rotate outward until it reaches BC2 where there is now a horizontal intercept of 100. The individual now reaches his new optimum where the indifference curve IC2 is tangent to BC2 at the point B, where he maximizes his utility by consuming 28 units of good X. Using the same method as described in figure 7. e. 1 and figure 7. e. 2, we can replot A and B on figure 7. e. 3 as A’ and B’ on figure 7. e. 4. If we connect these points together, we will get the ordinary demand curve for good X In order to obtain the compensated demand curve, we must first observe 2 effects that take place as PX increases: Substitution Effect: when Px decreases from $2 to $1, X becomes relatively cheaper than Y, so the individual will consume more X. To show the substitution effect, we must hold the individual’s utility constant. To do this, we draw a budget constraint BC3 that is parallel to BC2 and shift it down until it is just tangent to a point on his original indifference curve (IC1). This occurs at point C, where the consumer is consuming 33 units of X. The substitution effect is the movement from point A to C Income Effect: Px has decreased, so the individual’s purchasing power has increased, and thus has more money to spend on both X and Y. Because X is an inferior good, the individual will consume less as his income increases. The individual will reach an optimum at point B where he will consume 28 units of X. The income effect is the movement from point C to B To summarize, Total effect = Substitution Effect + Income Effect = A to C +C to B Using the same method as described in figure 7. . 1 and figure 7. e. 2, we can replot A and C on figure 7. e. 3 as A’ and C’ on figure 7. e. 4. If we connect these points together, we will get the compensated demand curve for good X We can prove that good X is an inferior good. One way to do it is to look at Figure 7. e. 3 and notice that between points B and C, as income increases, the consumption of good X decreases, which fits the definition of an inferior good. Anothe r way is to look at the compensated demand curve and compare it with the ordinary demand curve. The compensated demand curve in figure 7. e. 4 is flatter than the ordinary demand curve. When this condition holds, good X is an inferior good. Again, we can also use the compensated demand curve to find the compensating variation. It is the area between the two prices, and left of the compensated demand curve – it is the sum of areas S and T ——————————————————————————————————————————————– †¢ Let us now consider a price decrease for an extreme case: a giffen good. A giffen good violates the law of demand and results in an upward sloping demand curve. In Figure 7. e. 5, assume that the price of Y (PY) is $1, and that the individual has an income of $100. The initial price of X (PX) is $1, so the individual’s initial budget constraint is therefore BC1, with a vertical intercept of 100, and a horizontal intercept of 50. The individual reaches his optimum (maximizes utility) at point A, where his initial budget constraint BC1 is tangent to the indifference curve IC1. Let’s say that at this point, he maximizes his utility by consuming 37 units of good X. If PX decreases from $2 to $1, his budget constraint will rotate outward until it reaches BC2 where there is now a horizontal intercept of 100. The individual now reaches his new optimum where the indifference curve IC2 is tangent to BC2 at the point B, where he maximizes his utility by consuming 30 units of good X. The total consumption of good X has actually decreased; let us decompose this. Using the same method as described in figure 7. e. 1 and figure 7. e. 2, we can replot A and B on figure 7. e. 5 as A’ and B’ on figure 7. e. 6. The shape of the ordinary demand curve for a giffen good is as follows: between the points A and B, it is upward sloping (known as the â€Å"Giffen Range†), and at any price above or below points A and B, respectively, the demand curve is downward sloping. This results in a backward-bending ordinary demand curve W In order to obtain the compensated demand curve, we must first observe 2 effects that take place as PX increases: Substitution Effect: when Px decreases from $2 to $1, X becomes relatively cheaper than Y, so the individual will consume more X. To show the substitution effect, we must hold the individual’s utility constant. To do this, we draw a budget constraint BC3 that is parallel to BC2 and shift it down until it is just tangent to a point on his original indifference curve (IC1). This occurs at point C, where the consumer is consuming 47 units of X. The substitution effect is the movement from point A to C Income Effect: Px has decreased, so the individual’s purchasing power has increased, and thus has more money to spend on both X and Y. Because X is a giffen good, the individual will consume less as his income increases; also note that the income effect is stronger than the substitution effect. This results in the individual reaching an optimum at point B where he will consume 30 units of X. The income effect is the movement from point C to B To summarize, Total effect = Substitution Effect + Income Effect = A to C +C to B Using the same method as described in figure 7. e. 1 and figure 7. e. 2, we can replot A and C on figure 7. e. 5 as A’ and C’ on figure 7. e. 6. If we connect these points together, we will get the compensated for good X Note that the compensated demand curve is still downward sloping. This is because the substitution effect always works in one direction, while the income effect can work in both directions Study Questions 1) Redraw figure 7. e. 1 and figure 7. e. 2 for a decrease in the price of a normal good. Shade the area representing the compensation variation. 2) Redraw figure 7. e. 3 and figure 7. e. 4 for an increase in the price of an inferior good. Shade the area representing the compensation variation. 3) Redraw figure 7. e. 5 and figure 7. e. 6 for an increase in the price of a giffen good. Shade the area representing the compensation variation. How to cite Compensated Demand Curve, Papers

Massacre at Mystic Essay Example

Massacre at Mystic Paper Day 1: Massacre at Mystic The first day took place on May 26th, 1637 in a Pequot village at Missituck (located near the Mystic River in Connecticut). What happened was the English and Indian allies had attacked the Pequot village. Within that group, there were 70 English, 70 Mohegans, and 500 Narragansetts. The Mohegans and the Narragan were the allies of the English. The English were Puritans from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, led by Major John Mason and Captain John Underhill. The massacre was the first time the English had been involved in the killings of Native Americans. The purpose of the Puritans migrating to America was to start a new life and for religious freedom from England. The Pequot village was the wealthiest, largest, and powerful tribe of Connecticut. The Pequots were also dominant in military and political force. Part of the Massacre at Mystic started when two â€Å"Block Islanders,† who were thought to be Pequot but were really a subtribe of the Narragansett, pretended to seek trade with John Oldham. Once they were aboard his ship, they killed him and stole all of his goods. Along with the murder of Oldham, the murder of John Underhill also led to John Endicott seeking revenge on the Pequots. The Puritans officially declared when the Pequot started killing colonists, capturing women, slaughtering livestock, and burning storehouses from the English Population. The battle lasted less than an hour. The English captured whoever they could find and beheaded them and tortured them, among with other things. We will write a custom essay sample on Massacre at Mystic specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Massacre at Mystic specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Massacre at Mystic specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One 160 men went looking for Sassacus, who was traveling with 400 followers. Once they finally found him, the English tried to negotiate the release of 200 women and children, but he slipped away. He later had his head cut off from trying to get help from the Mohawk, who were Sassacus’ old enemies, and they sent it to the English as a token of friendship. The war officially ended in September 1638 when tribal leaders that were left signed the Treaty of Hartford. This treaty revoked legal recognition of the Pequot nation.

Crusades essays

Crusades essays Through out time, history has had a tendency to repeat it self. It has done so in good means as well as bad. People learn from the past and apply it to their every day lives. Although people try to do the right thing and not follow mistakes that have been already made, they just seem to come about. This day in age, out country is experiencing a situation that is extremely similar to that that occurred in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries, that which is the crusades. Crusades now can be defined as all wars undertaken in pursuance of a vow, and directed against infidels. But back in the middle ages it was known as any military expedition under taken by the Christians of Europe (Random House Websters 318). On September 11,2001 the people of America as well as all other free countries in our nation experience a new feeling that we have not know of. We were being attacked for our beliefs, for the way we live our lives. This what we were feeling, was being fought for during the time of the Crusades. The Christians and the Muslims were fighting against one another in order to spread their religion, or end the other. The people who were the leaders of the attack were Muslims. Muslims are people who follow the religion of Islam. Islam is a religion that was founded by a man named Muhammad. The followers of Muhammad believe that he received messages from God. Those messages all established into the rules that the Muslims live by, and they are all recorded in the Koran. Some of the laws forbade Muslims to eat pork, drink alcohol, gamble or lend money for interests. But the main beliefs of the Muslims are The Five Pillars. Which are to have faith in God (Allah). To pray five times a day facing in the direction of Mecca. For a person to give part of their income to charity. To fast during the month of Ramadan, and to promise to go on a pilgrimage to Mecca at least ounce in your life. The event leading u...

Understanding Earth and its History

Understanding Earth and its History We live in an interesting time that allows us to explore the solar system with robotic probes. From Mercury to Pluto (and beyond), we have eyes on the sky to tell us about those distant places. Our spacecraft also explore Earth from space and show us the incredible diversity of landforms our planet contains. Earth-observing platforms measure our atmosphere, climate, weather, and study the existence and effects of life on all the planets systems. The more scientists learn about Earth, the more they can understand its past and its future.   The name of our planet comes from an Old English and Germanic term eorà °e. In Roman mythology, the Earth goddess was Tellus, which means the fertile soil, while the Greek goddess was Gaia, terra mater, or Mother Earth. Today, we call it Earth and are working to study all its systems and features.   Earths Formation Earth was born  some 4.6 billion years ago as an interstellar cloud of gas and dust coalesced to form the Sun and rest of the solar system. This is the birth process for all stars in the universe. The Sun formed at the center, and the planets were accreted from the rest of the material. Over time, each planet migrated to its present position orbiting the Sun. The moons, rings, comets, and asteroids were also part of solar system formation and evolution. Early Earth, like most of the other worlds, was a molten sphere at first. It cooled and eventually its oceans formed from water contained in the planetesimals that made the infant planet. Its also possible that comets played a role in seeding Earths water supplies.   The first life on Earth arose some 3.8 billion years  ago, most likely in tidal pools or on the seabeds. It consisted of single-celled organisms. Over time, they evolved to become more complex plants and animals. Today the planet hosts millions of species of different life forms and more are being discovered as scientists probe the deep oceans and polar ices. Earth itself has evolved, too. It began as a molten ball of rock and eventually cooled. Over time, its crust formed plates. The continents and oceans ride those plates, and the motion of the plates is what rearranges the larger surface features on the planet. The known contents of Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North and South America, Central America, and Australia, are not the only ones Earth has had. Earlier continents are hidden underwater, such as Zealandia in the south Pacific.   How Our Perceptions of Earth Changed Early philosophers once put Earth at the center of the universe. Aristarchus of Samos, in the 3rd century B.C.E., figured out how to measure the distances to the Sun and Moon, and determined their sizes. He also concluded that Earth orbited the Sun, an unpopular view until Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus published his work called  On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres  in 1543. In that treatise, he suggested a heliocentric theory that Earth was NOT the center of the solar system but instead orbited the Sun. That scientific fact came to dominate astronomy and has since been proven by any number of missions to space. Once the Earth-centered theory had been put to rest, scientists got down to studying our planet and what makes it tick. Earth is composed primarily of iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, nickel, sulfur, and titanium. Just over 71% of its surface is covered with water. The atmosphere is 77% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, with traces of argon, carbon dioxide, and water. People once thought Earth was flat, but that idea was put to rest early in our history, as scientists measured the planet, and later on as high-flying aircraft and spacecraft returned images of a round world. We know today that Earth is a slightly flattened sphere measuring 40,075  kilometers around at the equator. It takes 365.26 days to make one trip around the Sun (commonly called a year) and is 150 million kilometers away from the Sun. It orbits in the Suns Goldilocks zone, a region where liquid water can exist on the surface of a rocky world.   Earth has only one natural satellite, the Moon at a distance of 384,400 km, with a radius of 1,738 kilometers and a mass of 7.32 Ãâ€" 1022  kg. Asteroids 3753 Cruithne and 2002 AA29 have complicated orbital relationships with the Earth; theyre not really moons, so astronomers use the word companion to describe their relationship with our planet.   Earths Future Our planet will not last forever. In about five to six billion years,  the Sun will begin to swell up to become a red giant star. As its atmosphere expands, our aging star will engulf the inner planets, leaving behind scorched cinders. The outer planets may become more temperate, and some of their moons could sport liquid water on their surfaces, for a time. This is a popular meme in science fiction, giving rise to stories of how humans will ultimately migrate away from Earth, settling perhaps around Jupiter or even seeking out new planetary homes in other star systems. No matter what humans do to survive, the Sun will become a white dwarf, slowly shrinking and cooling over 10-15 billion years. Earth will be long gone.   Edited and expanded by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Case study on driving Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case study on driving - Research Paper Example 12). The research design addressed the research inquiries and depicted its approach with level-headedness in that John erecting the sign might definitely be a criminal offense since he has not done any research on the topic, and at the same time, the action may be a risk to other drivers (World Touring and Automobile Organization, 1953 p.25). John should also get permission from the necessary authorities to erect or not erect because there are rules that govern erecting signs. The apposite methodological literature includes relevant legislation, cases, as well as journal articles (Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Scotland & Wales, 2006 p. 24). The research context offered justification of the research setting with background data, which included the fact that many accidents have taken place within the vicinity of schools because of the erection of so many signs, insufficient space amid signs, as well as no provision of a lucid view for other road users (Hands, 2002 p14). All these ac tions have led to the impeding of other signs, which does not give the road user enough time to make necessary decisions, as well as securely implement any required maneuver (Organisation de coope?ration et de de?veloppement e?conomiques, 2004 p. 13). The research sample utilized was purposive sampling to select the target populace because the researcher was only interested in individuals who were concerned if John would put up the sign or not. Five road users, two teachers and administrator from the school, as well as two heads of the traffic control department (Macken, 2011 p.67). The sample size was arrived at by utilizing a formula usually used to work out the model size needed for the study. The populace was utilized to compare and contrast their views and observations of the traffic situation around the school to find out if there are dangers that exist already or any that will exist when the sign is put up (Standards South Africa, 2004 p.37). The data sources included intervi ews and secondary data from relevant legislation, cases, as well as journal articles. Interviews were utilized to collect first hand data from individuals who were to be concerned if John had put up the sign or not. Data was collected after getting relevant permission from the authorities, at the school, roadway, as well as the traffic signs department (European Conference of Ministers of Transport, 2000 p.14). After the data was collected, it was examined, edited, coded, as well as analyzed. Relevant software such as MS Word and MS Excel were employed to sort through data gathered via interviews to make out patterns, as well as establish relationships. Validity was ensured by instituting a coherent connection amid the study objectives and interview questions. The researcher will guarantee obscurity by respondents, as well as all data will be treated with discretion and will just be utilized for meeting the purpose of the study (Automobile Association, 2009 p.87). Advice addressing John’s Concerns In regard to the concern of John erecting the sign warning drivers of the dangers of parking so close to the school gates might constitute a criminal offence, John should do extensive research and find out what makes up criminal offence and what does not, from relevant legislation, cases, as well as journal articles (Aa Publishing, 2010 p.189). For example, State law needs the traffic control department to take on standardized principles for traffic control tools, counting signs, along public roadways. WAC 468-95 takes on the

Not sure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Not sure - Essay Example claim that man maintains innate inclinations towards morality, which does not let him to go astray quite unbridled without being responsible to some Supreme Being, who has created His voice in every heart in the form of conscience in order to keep the seduction and temptation of the evil away from him. Human nature, according to this distinguished sage, and its impulses as well, if cultivated, turn into moral virtues. Our natures are, he argues, what heaven has given us (6A.15). Since heaven has created human nature in its own image, it has natural tendencies of inclining towards goodness ultimately. Thus, human nature even remaining indulged into the vice of various kinds, eventually inclines to the traits and characteristics attributed to it by birth. Human nature, Mencius further asserts, is what links us with the non-human universe, the normative order of heaven. Consequently, human soul has been created with the gifted moral values Nature looks for in human actions in one way or the other. Indeed, the quality of this relationship is such that Mencius is able to claim that â€Å"If one knows one’s nature, one will know heaven† (Makeham 2001). The same has also been preached by Mencius’ predecessor Confucius, and the very notion has always been endorsed and projected by the future philosophers and thinkers in their respective philosophical works. Illustrious moralist and sage of ancient Chinese civilization Confucius had preached virtue and compassion towards humanity without discrimination through his preaching. He submits that where there exists the razor of iniquity, inequality, evil and social injustice in a society, there is least probability of the blossoming of the plant of goodness, charity, honesty and wisdom, and vice versa (Yu 2012). The same was the notion promoted by the distinguished ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, who had declared having knowledge of the universal phenomena as a great virtue that protects humans from going astray and

Music theory

Music theory ABSTRACT MUSIC THEORY:- Music theory is the field of study that deals with how music works. It examines the language and notation of music. It identifies patterns that govern composers techniques. In a grand sense, music theory distills and analyzes the parameters or elements of music – rhythm, harmony (harmonic function), melody, structure, form, and texture. Broadly, music theory may include any statement, belief, or conception of or about music. People who study these properties are known as music theorists. Some have applied acoustics, human physiology, and psychology to the explanation of how and why music is perceived. The Four elements of music:- Melody Harmony Rhythm Dynamics AESTHETICS:- Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics or esthetics) is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste, and with the creation and appreciation of beauty. It is more scientifically defined as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values, sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste. More broadly, scholars in the field define aesthetics as critical reflection on art, culture and nature. Aesthetics is a subdiscipline of axiology, a branch of philosophy, and is closely associated with the philosophy of art. Aesthetics studies new ways of seeing and of perceiving the world. AESTHETICS OF MUSIC:- Traditionally, the aesthetics of music or musical aesthetics concentrated on the quality and study of the beauty and enjoyment (plaisir and jouissance) of music. Aesthetics is a sub-discipline of philosophy. However, many musicians, music critics, and other non-philosophers have contributed to the aesthetics of music. In recent decades philosophers have tended to emphasize issues besides beauty and enjoyment. It is often thought that music has the ability to affect our emotions, intellect, and psychology; lyrics can assuage our loneliness or incite our passions. For this reason, the philosopher Plato proposed that music is a dangerous entertainment that should be closely regulated by the state. It is commonly believed that human responses to music are culturally influenced. For example, musical passages in Beethoven that sounded highly dissonant to his contemporaries do not sound dissonant to listeners today. As such, musics aesthetic appeal seems highly dependent upon the culture in which it is practiced. However, there is a physical background which defines sound being proper or improper. Proper sound is perceived as gentle sound while improper sound is more or less considered nice sounding depending on what the listener is used to listen to. Harry Partch and some other musicologists like for instance Kyle Gann therefore have studied and tried to popularize microtonal music and the usage of alternate musical scales. Also many modern composers like Lamonte Young, Rhys Chatham and Glenn Branca paid much attention to a scale called just intonation. Some of the aesthetic elements expressed in music include lyricism, harmony, hypnotism, emotiveness, temporal dynamics, resonance, playfulness, and color (see also musical development). However, there has been a strong tendency in the aesthetics of music to emphasize musical structure as the most important (or even only) aesthetic element that is important in the experience of music. RHYTHM:- Rhythm is the heartbeat of music. As music passes in time, it is divided into perceptible sections, and each section subdivided further. Rhythm is the arrangement of sounds and silences in time. Meter animates time in regular pulse groupings, called measures or bars. The time signature or meter signature specifies how many beats are in a measure, and which value of written note is counted and felt as a single beat. Through increased stress and attack (and subtle variations in duration), particular tones may be accented. There are conventions in most musical traditions for a regular and hierarchical accentuation of beats to reinforce the meter. Syncopated rhythms are rhythms that accent unexpected parts of the beat. Playing simultaneous rhythms in more than one time signature is called polymeter. See also polyrhythm. Rhythm is, by its simplest definition, musical time. The origin of the word is Greek, meaning flow. Rhythm is indeed the embodiment of timely flow. As meter regulates and pulsates a poem, rhythm organizes music in much the same way. The regular pulsations of the music are called the beat. Stronger beats are referred to as accented beats. Measures of music divide a piece into time-counted segments. Strong beats occur in patterns. For instance, in 4/4 time, the conductor would beat a strong beat on the first beat of every measure and another accented beat although not as strong on the third count of the measure. Because the conductors arms move downward on strong beats, especially those that begin a measure, accented beats are also referred to as downbeats. In recent years, rhythm and meter have become an important area of research among music scholars. Recent work in these areas includes books by Bengt-Olov Palmqvist, Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff, Jonathan Kramer, Christopher Hasty, William Rothstein, and Joel Lester. Rhythm either means tempo literally, or its percussion within tempo. Like instead of just 1-2-3-4-1-2-3-4-1-2-3-4. you might Get a groove like: 1-+-+-2-+-+-3-+-+-4-+-+-1-+-2-+-. Rhythm is the variation of the length and accentuation of a series of sounds or other events. RHYTHM IN LINGUISTICS:- The study of rhythm, stress, and pitch in speech is called prosody; it is a topic in linguistics. Narmour (1980, p.147–53) describes three categories of prosodic rules which create rhythmic successions which are additive (same duration repeated), cumulative (short-long), or countercumulative (long-short). Cumulation is associated with closure or relaxation, countercumulation with openness or tension, while additive rhythms are open-ended and repetitive. Richard Middleton points out this method cannot account for syncopation and suggests the concept of transformation. A rhythmic unit is a durational pattern which occupies a period of time equivalent to a pulse or pulses on an underlying metric level, as opposed to a rhythmic gesture which does not (DeLone et al. (Eds.), 1975 ORIGINS OF HUMAN APPERCIATION OF RHYTHM:- In his series How Music Works, Howard Goodall presents theories that rhythm recalls how we walk and the heartbeat we heard in the womb. More likely is that a simple pulse or di-dah beat recalls the footsteps of another person. Our sympathetic urge to dance is designed to boost our energy levels in order to cope with someone, or some animal chasing us – a fight or flight response. From a less darwinist perspective, perceiving rhythm is the ability to master the otherwise invisible dimension, time. Rhythm is possibly also rooted in courtship ritual. Neurologist Oliver Sacks posits that human affinity for rhythm is fundamental, so much that a persons sense of rhythm cannot be lost in the way that music and language can (e.g. by stroke). In addition, he states that chimpanzees and other animals show no similar appreciation for rhythm. RYHTM NOTATION AND THE ORAL TRADITION:- Worldwide there are many different approaches to passing on rhythmic phrases and patterns, as they exist in traditional music, from generation to generation. African music In the Griot tradition of Africa everything related to music has been passed on orally. Babatunde Olatunji (1927–2003), a Nigerian drummer who lived and worked in the United States, developed a simple series of spoken sounds for teaching the rhythms of the hand drum. He used six vocal sounds: Goon Doon Go Do Pa Ta. There are three basic sounds on the drum, but each can be played with either the left or the right hand. This simple system is now used worldwide, particularly by Djembe players. Indian music Indian music has also been passed on orally. Tabla players would learn to speak complex rhythm patterns and phrases before attempting to play them. Sheila Chandra, an English pop singer of Indian descent, made performances based around her singing these patterns. In Indian Classical music, the Tala of a composition is the rhythmic pattern over which the whole piece is structured. Western music Standard music notation contains all rhythmic information and is adapted specifically for drums and percussion instruments. The drums are generally used to keep other instruments in time. They do this by supplying beats/strikes in time at a certain pace, i.e. 70 beats per minute (bpm). In Rock music, a drum beat is used to keep a bass/guitar line in time. TYPES In Western music, rhythms are usually arranged with respect to a time signature, partially signifying a meter. The speed of the underlying pulse is sometimes called the beat. The tempo is a measure of how quickly the pulse repeats. The tempo is usually measured in beats per minute (bpm); 60 bpm means a speed of one beat per second. The length of the meter, or metric unit (usually corresponding with measure length), is usually grouped into either two or three beats, being called duple meter and triple meter, respectively. If each beat is divided by two or four, it is simple meter, if by three (or six) compound meter. According to Pierre Boulez, beat structures beyond four are simply not natural. His reference is to western European music. Syncopated rhythms are rhythms that accent parts of the beat not already stressed by counting. Playing simultaneous rhythms in more than one time signature is called polymeter. See also polyrhythm. In recent years, rhythm and meter have become an important area of research among music scholars. Recent work in these areas includes books by Maury Yeston, Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff, Jonathan Kramer, Christopher Hasty, William Rothstein, and Joel Lester. Syncopated rhythms are rhythms that accent parts of the beat not already stressed by counting. Playing simultaneous rhythms in more than one time signature is called polymeter. See also polyrhythm. In recent years, rhythm and meter have become an important area of research among music scholars. Recent work in these areas includes books by Maury Yeston, Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff, Jonathan Kramer, Christopher Hasty, William Rothstein, and Joel Lester. Some genres of music make different use of rhythm than others. Most Western music is based on subdivision, while non-Western music uses more additive rhythm. African music makes heavy use of polyrhythms, and Indian music uses complex cycles such as 7 and 13, while Balinese music often uses complex interlocking rhythms. By comparison, a lot of Western classical music is fairly rhythmically (or metrically) simple; it stays in a simple meter such as 4/4 or 3/4 and makes little use of syncopation. Clave is a common underlying rhythm in African, Cuban music, and Brazilian music. In the 20th century, composers like Igor Stravinsky, Bela Bartok, Philip Glass, and Steve Reich wrote more rhythmically complex music using odd meters, and techniques such as phasing and additive rhythm. At the same time, modernists such as Olivier Messiaen and his pupils used increased complexity to disrupt the sense of a regular beat, leading eventually to the widespread use of irrational rhythms in New Complexity. This use may be explained by a comment of John Cages where he notes that regular rhythms cause sounds to be heard as a group rather than individually; the irregular rhythms highlight the rapidly changing pitch relationships that would otherwise be subsumed into irrelevant rhythmic groupings (Sandow 2004, p.257). LaMonte Young also wrote music in which the sense of a regular beat is absent because the music consists only of long sustained tones (drones). In the 1930s, Henry Cowell wrote music involving multiple simultaneous periodic rhythms and collaborated with Là ©on T hà ©rà ©min to invent the Rhythmicon, the first electronic rhythm machine, in order to perform them. Similarly, Conlon Nancarrow wrote for the player piano.

Don Quixote de La Mancha

In Miguel de Cervantes' classic novel Don Quixote de la Mancha, a necessary counterpart to Don Quixote's character is found in Sancho Panza. Sancho is Don Quixote's so-called squire and companion through his adventures. The vital contrast between these two characters contributes to the literary success of Cervantes' novel. It is only through the eyes of Sancho that we witness Don Quixote's madness and only through the latter's madness that we evidence Sancho's sanity. Without the presence of these complementary characters, the story of Don Quixote would not exist as it does.Cervantes' masterpiece is known for the eccentric character of Don Quixote and his insane adventures and travels through Spain. The first part of the novel was published in 1605 and the second in 1615. The novel became widely popular and is today considered one of the greatest literary achievements of all time. In Cervantes' novel, Don Quixote becomes entranced with the romances of chivalry by reading books. He se ts out on his own quest for the woman of his affection: Dulcinea. With the help of Sancho Panza, his sidekick, he has many imaginary adventures in which he draws others into his fantasies.Sancho attempts to reveal Quixote's eccentricity and Quixote, in turn reveals Sancho's inability to imagine. A prime example of this contrast in perception is evident from the moment Sancho and Don Quixote meet. Sancho is but a peasant when Don Quixote enlists his help. â€Å"[Don Quixote] used so many arguments, an made so many promises, that the poor fellow resolved to sally out with him and serve him in the capacity of a squire† (Cervantes, 32). Don Quixote convinces Sancho of his nobility and Sancho, initially realizing the insanity of Quixote's claims, lays doubt to his proclamations.Sancho is â€Å"shallow-brained† but still must be persuaded by Don Quixote before leaving with him (32). In Sebastian Juan Arbo's biographical study of Cervantes, he provides insight into this contr ast: â€Å"Each defends the other, but Sancho defends the reality of life, and Don Quixote the reality for his dreams without which he cannot live† (250). The sharp distinction becomes clear in adventures that the two partake in. In one episode, Don Quixote decides to free galley-slaves who are being held against their will. Sancho dictates very clearly to Quixote that they are erving a punishment mandated by the king himself, but Quixote will hear nothing of it. He decides he will oppose â€Å"force† and â€Å"defeat violence† as though he is running a campaign of self-promotion. Ignoring Sancho's warnings is something Don Quixote consistently fulfills. Aubrey F. G. Bell in her biography Cervantes, tells us likewise, Sancho is, despite his â€Å"skeptical credulity and his hesitation in action, his character is as consistent as that of his master† (199). In the end, Sancho must watch the slaves escape to present themselves to the Lady Dulcinea per Don Qu ixote's request.In this particular case, Quixote's fantasy wins out over reality, but such is not always the case. The adventure of the windmills is the most prominently featured example of Don Quixote's episodic adventures. In this particular event, Don Quixote claims that windmills are giants that are on the plains. A very honest Sancho tells his master that they are not giants but windmills. After Quixote is knocked down by a windmill sail, Sancho says: â€Å"did not I warn you to have care of what you did, for that they were nothing but windmills? (Cervantes, 36) Quixote, now seeing the truth, claims that an evil sage has turned the giants into windmills to deprive the knight of his glory. Though Sancho warns Don Quixote from the beginning, it is almost inevitable that he is caught up in the imagination of his master (Mack, 1526). Another example of reason triumphing over fantasy is when Don Quixote wishes to battle the lions. When they by chance come across the carriage transp orting the lions, Don Quixote wishes to battle them for nothing more than the sake of proving himself.Sancho begs with his master to allow the lions to remain in the cages, but Don Quixote is persistent, claiming he has strength over the beasts (266). Quixote will defeat anything that threatens his love Dulcinea, even at the cost of his own life. Sancho, on the other hand, fully understands the danger of the situation and when the doors to the cages are opened, he flees. This is the way the two characters work together. In Edward Honig's essay, On the Interludes of Cervantes, the counterparts come alive in contrast to the other. Don Quixote and Sancho Panza are dramatic: their voices engage each other and depend on each other; they come alive through the irritation of their complementariness, by the mere fact that they are thrown together and must reckon with each other† (154). This is true even to the point that they are nothing without each other. When Don Quixote is on his deathbed, Sancho begs him not to die, but to continue in the adventure and quest that they had joined one another in. Sancho is afraid of what might happen if his master is gone.By the end of Cervantes' novel, the lives of the two characters have become so intertwined it is painful to separate. W. H. Auden is a critic of Cervantes and best expresses the importance of this pairing. Take away Don Quixote, and Sancho Panza is so nearly pure flesh, immediacy of feeling, so nearly without will [†¦ ] Take away Sancho Panza, on the other hand, and Don Quixote is so nearly pure spirit [†¦ ] who rejects matter and feeling and is nothing but an egotistic will (80, 81).In the end, Don Quixote dies a sane man, and Sancho is left with the memories of adventure and nothing more. The character of Sanson, who was also involved in Don Quixote's endeavors, is the first person to legitimately recognize Sancho's stance when he claims â€Å"honest Sancho is very much in the right† (Cerv antes, 443). Quixote, too is satisfied with his ending, proclaiming â€Å"I was mad, I am now sane† on his death bed (443). Quixote ends his life as a sane man, but if he had lived it sane, there would be no story to tell.Don Quixote and Sancho Panza are essential components to the attractive Cervantes novel. Without the two supplementing one another there would be and could be no story. The two characters are forever embedded in one another through literary history. Quixote and Sancho's characteristics never fail to impress, amuse and enlighten. These characters are the devices of Cervantes' literary technique, and the life force of Don Quixote de la Mancha. Works Cited Arbo, Sebastian Juan. Cervantes: The Man and His Time. New York: The Vanguard Press, 1955. Auden, W. H. The Ironic Hero: Some Reflections on Don Quixote. † Ed. Lowry Nelson, Jr. Cervantes. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-Hall, Inc. , 1969. Bell, Aubrey F. G. Cervantes. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1947. Honig, Edwin. â€Å"On the Interludes of Cervantes. † Ed. Lowry Nelson, Jr. Cervantes. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-Hall, Inc. , 1969. Mack, Maynard, ed. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. Saavedra, Miguel de Cervantes. Don Quixote de la Mancha. Trans. Charles Jarvis. New York: Washington Square Press, Inc. , 1957.

Essay Susan Glaspell´s Trifles Women Unite - 979 Words

â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell revolves around Mrs. Wright’s strange actions after her husband’s murder. With this in mind, it leads to an investigation. Meanwhile, Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale find incriminating evidence, but decide to hide it. Due to the actions of the women throughout the play, the main focus of â€Å"Trifles† is uniting women against their male counterparts. â€Å"Susan Glaspell, however; sought to represent the lives and hardships of the simple rural women residing in various regions in America and forgotten by society (Al-Khalil, 132). The first major theme of ‘Trifles† is female identity. During the play, the men make agreements in which females get their identity from their husbands, which is the dominating gender. To give an†¦show more content†¦Held for murder and worryin’ about their preserves. (Booth, 750). The other men say continue to say negative things about the women as well. Their statements in dicate that the women are frivolous and too small-minded to be concerned about the investigation. Additionally, the men criticize the state of their kitchen. The county attorney states, â€Å"No—it’s not cheerful. I shouldn’t say she has the homemaking instinct (Booth, 751). So by default, the men feel as though Mrs. Wright is unfavorable in her housewife abilities due to the fact that Mr. Wright was a good man and tried to protect his reputation. Since the men take Mr. Wright’s side, the women decide to take Mrs. Wright side. Overall, the women want to protect their own gender just as the men did. Furthermore, loneliness plays a crucial role in â€Å"Trifles† as well. Unfortunately, isolation is the main cause of the sadness in Mrs. Wrights’ marriage. Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale note that John Wright was not very compassionate and did not give his wife the attention she needed. Mrs. Hale even blames herself for not visiting Mrs. Wright. â₠¬Å"I dunno what it is, but it’s a lonesome place and always was. I wish I had come over to see Minnie Foster sometimes. I can see now† (Booth, 755). Both women assume Mrs. Wright’s canary was a substitute for the children and friends she did not have. Mrs. Peters then discusses the loneliness she experienced when her two year old son died while she was in Dakota â€Å"I know whatShow MoreRelatedWoman Have Historically Been Trapped In The Domestic Sphere1837 Words   |  8 Pagesfollow the demands of their husbands. While feminism began to spread rapidly in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, women still didn’t have right to vote or serve on a jury. As a result, many writers, especially woman, began to produce many pieces of literature that commented on the unfair treatment of woman. One of the highest praised feminist pieces of literature is the one act play, Trifles by Susan Glaspell written in 1916. Based loosely on a murder trial she c overed in 1901, she explores the lifeRead MoreEssay on Trifling Justice1540 Words   |  7 PagesMove a little closer together Susan Glaspell’s play, Trifles, was written in 1916, reflects the author’s concern with stereotypical concepts of gender and sex roles of that time period. As the title of the play implies, the concerns of women are often considered to be nothing more than unimportant issues that have little or no value to the true work of society, which is being performed by men. The men who are in charge of investigating the crime are unable to solve the mystery through their supposedRead More The Strength of Women in Trifles Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the 1900’s women were viewed as nothing more than house wives. They were expected to cook, clean, and take care of their children and husbands. The lack of respect women received during this time is extremely evident in â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell. In this play women are depicted as incapable, and these ladies are very much aware of this. Mrs. Peters, the sheriff’s wife practically says throughout the play we cannot do this we are women, and she seems quite content with that; whereas Mrs.Read MoreLangston Hughes and Countee Cullen: Perspective on Religion4176 Words   |  17 PagesAmerican Literature II Authors: Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen: Perspective on Religion Susan Glaspell and Charlotte Gilman: Roles of Women W.E.B Du Bois and Booker T Washington: Political View In the 1920s, the somewhat genteel world of American poetry was shaken to its foundations when the Harlem Renaissance started. During those times, all over the United States, there

Types and Examples of DNA Mutations

DNA mutations occur when there are changes in the nucleotide sequence that makes up a strand of DNA. These alterations can be caused by random mistakes in DNA replication or by environmental influences such as UV rays or chemicals. Changes at the nucleotide level go on to influence the transcription and translation from gene to protein expression. Changing even just one nitrogen base in a sequence can alter the amino acid that is expressed by that DNA codon which can lead to a completely different protein being expressed. These mutations can range from being completely harmless to potentially fatal. Point Mutations ALFRED PASIEKA/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Getty Images A point mutation—the change of a single nitrogen base in a DNA sequence—is usually the least harmful type of DNA mutations. Codons are a sequence of three nitrogen bases in a row that is read by messenger RNA during transcription. That messenger RNA codon is then translated into an amino acid that goes on to make a protein that will be expressed by the organism. Depending on the placement of a nitrogen base in the codon, a point mutation may have no effect on the protein. Since there are only 20 amino acids and a total of 64 possible combinations of codons, some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. Often, if the third nitrogen base in the codon is changed, the amino acid wont be affected. This is called the wobble effect. If the point mutation occurs in the third nitrogen base in a codon, then it has no effect on the amino acid or subsequent protein and the mutation does not change the organism. At most, a point mutation will cause a single amino acid in a protein to change. While this usually is not a deadly mutation, it may cause issues with that proteins folding pattern and the tertiary and quaternary structures of the protein. One example of a point mutation that is not harmless is with the incurable blood disorder sickle cell anemia. This happens when a point mutation causes a single nitrogen base in a codon for one amino acid in the protein glutamic acid to code for the amino acid valine instead. This single small change causes a normally round red blood cell to instead be sickle-shaped. Frameshift Mutations Frameshift mutations are generally much more serious and often more deadly than point mutations. Even though only a single nitrogen base is affected, as with point mutations, in this instance, the single base is either completely deleted or an extra one is inserted into the middle of a DNA sequence. This change in sequence causes the reading frame to shift—hence the name frameshift mutation. A reading frame shift changes the three-letter codon sequence for messenger RNA to transcribe and translate. That not only changes the amino acid—all subsequent amino acids are changed as well. This significantly alters the protein and can cause severe problems, even possibly leading to death. Insertions One type of frameshift mutation is called an insertion. As the name implies, an insertion occurs when a single nitrogen base is accidentally added in the middle of a sequence. This throws off the reading frame of the DNA and the wrong amino acid is translated. It also pushes the entire sequence down by one letter, changing all codons that come after the insertion, completely altering the protein. Even though inserting a nitrogen base makes the overall sequence longer, that does not necessarily mean the amino acid chain length will increase. In fact, quite the opposite may be true. If the insertion causes a shift in the codons to create a stop signal, a protein may never be produced. If not, an incorrect protein will be made. If the altered protein is essential to sustain life, then most likely, the organism will die. Deletions Deletion is one last type of frameshift mutation and occurs when a nitrogen base is taken out of the sequence. Again, this causes the entire reading frame to change. It alters the codon and will also affect all amino acids that are coded for after the deletion. As with an insertion, nonsense and stop codons may also appear in the wrong places, DNA Mutation Analogy Much like reading text, the DNA sequence is read by messenger RNA to produce a story or an amino acid chain that will be used to make a protein. Since each codon is three letters long, lets see what happens when a mutation occurs in a sentence that uses only three-letter words. THE RED CAT ATE THE RAT. If there was a point mutation, the sentence would change to: THC RED CAT ATE THE RAT. The e in the word the mutated into the letter c. While the first word in the sentence is no longer the same, the rest of the words still make sense and remain what theyre supposed to be. If an insertion were to mutate the above sentence, then it might read: THE CRE DCA TAT ETH ERA T. The insertion of the letter c after the word the completely changes the rest of the sentence. The second word no longer makes sense, nor do any words that follow it. The entire sentence has changed into nonsense. A deletion would do something similar to the sentence: THE EDC ATA TET HER AT. In the example above, the r that should have come after the word the has been deleted. Again, it changes the entire sentence. While some of the subsequent words remain intelligible, the meaning of the sentence has completely changed. This demonstrates that even when codons are changed into something that isnt total nonsense, it still completely changes the protein into something that is no longer functionally viable.